The agrotechnological efficiency of the terms of sowing fiber flax and producing dew-retted flax stock

Abstract

The production of long flax in Ukraine contributed to ensuring the economic and strategic independence of the state and the health of the nation, determined the military, environmental, food and medical security of the country. However, in recent decades, flax growing in Ukraine has experienced a significant crisis and decline. Among a number of anticipated conditions and possible factors in the revival of the flax industry in Ukraine at the level of direct producers of long flax, the technology of its cultivation and harvesting should be improved. Studies and analysis of agricultural techniques and measures that are part of the technology of production of flax, showed that the most influential on the yield and quality of fiber were sowing dates, taking into account calendar dates and duration. Statistical models of changes in seedling density, field germination of seeds and number of days from sowing to emergence of long flax seedlings depending on the average daily temperature in the soil at a depth of 10 sm for the period from sowing to emergence were clarified. The change of seedling density depending on the number from sowing to emergence of seedlings has been studied. The change in seedling density, seed germination and number of days from sowing to germination depending on the average daily soil temperature for the period from sowing to germination is predicted to be described by equations of straight lines with negative angular coefficients. The influence of average daily soil temperature at a depth of 10 sm on the day of sowing of long flax on the number of days from sowing to germination, field germination of seeds, seedling survival, stem density before harvest, seed yield and long flax fiber was determined. The change in seedling density before harvesting, seed and fiber yields depending on the average daily soil temperature on the day of sowing is described by the equations of straight lines with negative angular coefficients. The paper highlights the changes in duration of fiber flax vegetation period depending on the number of days from its sowing, and beginning from the first term the author points to the possibility of dew retting of straw under favorable conditions of its running.