Research of minimum size characteristics of seeds of grain cultures

Abstract

The variability of the dimensional characteristics of grain crops was assessed by the geometric dimensions of the grain: thickness, width and length, their statistical characteristics and equivalent diameter. To obtain reliable data, the sample size was taken on 100 grains of each type. The source material for the study used grain cereals, mainly plant breeding Institute of them. V. Yuriev UAAN, which are widely used both in the Kharkiv region, and throughout Ukraine: winter wheat of the Kharus variety, harvest 2017; barley varieties Phoenix, harvest 2017; rye winter varieties Kharkiv 98, harvest 2016; oat varieties Neptune, harvest 2017 The averaged values of the thickness, width and length of the grains of all the studied crops differ in size, corresponding to their elongated shape: the smallest thickness of 1.46 mm, width – 2.37 mm and maximum length – 4.65 mm. The standard deviations for the average sizes of the studied grain vary from 0.24 mm for width, 0.36 mm for thickness and to 1.31 mm for length. This determines the change in the coefficients of variation of the sizes of the studied grain from 10.13% for width, 24.66% for thickness and to 28.17% for grain length of grain crops.
The average grain volume is the smallest in rye – 27.21 mm3, and in wheat it is most at 0.21 mm3, in barley at 1.59 mm3, and the largest in oats it is equal to 31.52 mm3. The average grain volume for all grain crops studied is 28.74 mm3.
The average equivalent diameter is also the smallest in winter rye grain varieties Kharkiv 98 and is equal to 3.73 mm, which is 0.08 mm less than the average value of the equivalent diameter for all grain crops that were studied. The average equivalent diameter of wheat of the soft winter varieties Harus is more from the rye grain of the winter variety Kharkov 98 only by 0.03 mm, the barley grain from Phoenix is more by 0.08 mm, and the grain
of oat from the variety Neptune by 0.19 mm.