Complex Solid Waste Management is a Rational Way to Solve Environmental Problems

Abstract

The article determines acceptable for Ukraine municipal solid waste recycling, based on the analysis of existing techniques using of incineration plants. The rapid development of industry and urbanization has led to a significant increasing in solid waste, which causes serious environmental problems near large cities. The most prevailing modern method of the solid waste processing is incineration. Gradually development of waste incineration techniques has done the most effective ways as following: an incineration with a fluid bed in the furnace, layer burning, low-temperature gasification. These techniques have to be accompanied by powerful gas treatment. Polymer component of MSW has been forming additional difficulties in the last decade. They might form extremely toxic substance during combustion. Last generation incineration plants carry out single-stage or two-stage combustion, virtually no waste, for both sorted and unsorted garbage. Neutralization of main amount of harmful and toxic substances has been provided by burning under special conditions in the furnace or by absorption into solid, monolithic (harmless for later using) slag. At the advanced plants, residues which are not recycled are less than 2%. The modern technique Pyrolysis combines low-temperature pyrolysis (treatment of waste without oxygen) and its subsequent burning under high temperature condition. This technology is almost without waste. Almost all waste materials can be recycled; gas purification used meets the most stringent requirements; a significant amount of heat produced can be used both to generate of electricity and to heat. Sorting waste by urban residents themselves is the most crutial way of waste management now. This makes easier next waste conversion and decreases of chlorine and bromine-containing components amount, dioxins and furans, in the incineration plants emissions. Analysis of global waste recycling experience indicates that for developing countries with poor economy the most appropriate waste treatment is to sort and recycle waste that can be recycled and to burn waste that cannot be recycled at waste incineration plants.