Сравнительный анализ использования тракторов отечественного производства на традиционной и энергозберегающей технологиях выращивания сельскохозяйственных культур

Abstract

This article outlines the results of theoretical studies of the justification of technological systems of plant growing on the basis of domestic tractors for energy-saving technology for growing c / g crops, and a comparative analysis of the use of these tractors on traditional and energy-saving technologies is made. Aggregation of these tractors is envisaged with agricultural machines of both domestic and foreign production. Possibilities of using such brands of domestic tractors as HTZ-181, HTZ-17221, HTZ-16131 and UMZ-8040.2М are considered. The solution of this problem was proposed using MS Excel software, considering a conditional farm with a plowing area of 5,000 hectares, which in its characteristics is as close to production conditions as possible and has 6 rotations: 2 semifield, 2 eight-field and 2 decimal. The average area of the crop rotation field is 100 hectares. In the process of solving this problem, appropriate technological maps were prepared for the cultivation of c / g crops for the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine, taking into account the features of energy-saving technology. On the basis of the completed technological maps, the schedules of loading of these tractors are constructed, according to the results of the constructed graphs, their required theoretical and operational quantity is determined taking into account the weather coefficients and technical readiness. All calculations of the quantitative composition of MTAs on individual technological operations are performed taking into account the load factor of the MTA, which takes into account the degree of utilization of the working time fund for the execution of the technological operation and makes it possible to eliminate possible downtimes of the aggregates at the calculation stage. At the end of the article, the operational performance indicators of individual brands of tractors and the tractor park are displayed for analysis of the effectiveness of their use in a conventional farm on both technologies. Appropriate conclusions are drawn from the results of theoretical investigations.