The quality indicators of a stratifier growing machine with a riping-separating device in beet growing

Abstract

As a result of processing by a tillage machine with a stratifier with a ripping-separating device, the soil is stratified into four sublayers: superseed, seed, underseed and subarable. Completely removed from the superseed sublayer individual clods of soil larger than 20 mm. In the seed sublayer, the most agronomically valuable soil structure is formed, the size of which does not exceed 3 times the size of the seeds, the density of the created subseed sublayer does not exceed 1,25 g/cm³. The subsurface sublayer has no density 1,3 g/cm³ and hardness in the plow pan more than 3 MPa, which is ensured by the main tillage before sowing.

It was determined that the machine for optimizing the agrophysical properties of the arable soil layer allows, compared with traditional cultivators, to increase the structural coefficient by about 2.5 times. The relevance lies in the fact that soil cultivation using a stratifier tillage machine with a ripping-separating device will improve the methods of pre-sowing treatment to improve its agrotechnical qualities, eliminating such technological operations as harrowing and cultivation, as well as preparing the soil for sowing. The using of an experimental stratifier soil-cultivating machine with a ripping-separating device for pre-sowing soil preparation when growing sugar beet, in comparison with traditional tools, by improving the quality of tillage, allows you to get germination earlier by 3–4 days and ensure better moisture retention in the soil by 3–4%, as well as significantly reduce the contamination of crops and increase yields. In addition, studies have shown that during the entire growing season of plant development, the agrophysical parameters of the cultivated soil layer remained relatively stable.