Optimization of parameters of working bodies of machines for growing and harvesting sugar beets

Abstract

The article outlines improved agrotechnical measures for the cultivation and harvesting of sugar beets, which ensure an increase in the quality of pre-sowing soil cultivation, sowing of seeds, the efficiency of the use of mineral fertilizers and herbicides, which ensures the creation of more favorable agrophysical conditions for the growth and development of plants, increasing the yield of sugar beets and reducing the cost of production.
The developed technological processes and optimized parameters of the working bodies of machines for the cultivation and harvesting of sugar beet are presented. This includes local application of mineral fertilizers, presowing soil cultivation and sowing seeds in one pass with one combined unit, weed control by spraying crops with herbicides in the phase of the formation of cotyledon weeds by plants. The layer-by-layer loosening of the soil in the aisles to the closure of leaves in adjacent rows showed great efficiency. For sugar beet, it is important to create the necessary agrochemical conditions for the growth and development of plants by providing the necessary nutrients during the period of their greatest need during the intensive vegetation of beets. Also the peculiarities of sugar beet production at increased density on heavy-textured soils and after a significant amount of precipitation were studied.
The features of inter-row soil cultivation with hilling plants in rows, mechanized harvesting of beets with digging in root crops for conditions of increased density and low soil moisture were determined. The feasibility of innovative developments has been confirmed by experimental studies in the field.
The research results can be used to improve and optimize zonal technologies and technical means for growing and harvesting sugar beets, as well as in the educational process in preparing future agricultural engineers for innovative project activities.