Results of the expert-analytical assessment of the environmental hazard and the importance of management and control measures in the process of solid waste generation
Abstract
The article presents a comprehensive expert and analytical approach to environmental hazard assessment in the process of solid waste formation, which is based on the application of the hierarchy analysis method (T. Saati method) and allows to consider criteria for the impact of waste on each of the natural components taking into account the qualitative characteristics of waste , conditions of their accumulation with possible increase of danger, presence of processes of management and control, types of objects of solid waste generation and comparison of contribution of measures improve environmental safety.
The research has developed a hierarchical structure of the solid waste generation process, which allows for the visual and spatial understanding of the connections and interactions of elements with each other. Levels of the hierarchy: “ecological safety of the MSW formation process → environmental components → factors of influence → sources of MSW formation → environmental safety measures”.
The obtained values of the generalized weight coefficients and priorities of the hierarchy made it possible to understand the essence of the formation of dangers in the process of solid waste formation, in particular, the contribution of existing effective management and control of solid waste management (63.76%) and ensuring safe conditions of solid waste accumulation (8.2% ) compared to the quantitative (5.84%) and qualitative (8.12%) characteristics of the MSW composition. An important result is the establishment of a contribution to the environmental risk of MSW management in the process of their formation as a type of sources of formation, namely objects of mass congestion of people (38.0%), private residential buildings (20.22%), multi-storey residential buildings (16 , 07%) and trade enterprises (15.00%).
Among the measures taken to improve the environmental safety of landfill environmental impacts in the process of their formation, the largest contribution is the use of environmentally friendly packaging and packaging materials, which is estimated to be 35.9% of the total impact.
The results obtained through a comprehensive expert-analytical approach, using the T. Saati hierarchy analysis method to evaluate the processes and facilities of MSW management, are a promising method of making effective management decisions and require further application in the urgent field of ensuring the environmental safety status of MSW management in Ukraine.
