The role of minimum soil treatment in organic farming

Abstract

The article substantiates the relevance and feasibility of implementing the minimum soil cultivation in order to increase its fertility and reduce the negative impact on the natural environment. The main advantages and disadvantages of cultivating soil with plow are determined. The positive effect of minimal tillage in conditions of organic farming on the following: structure and elasticity of soil, protection against erosion and water balance, humus and soil organisms, climate protection. The disadvantages due to the technical features and requirements, the prohibition of the application of herbicides and fast-dissolving nitrogen fertilizers are considered: weeds and their germination, reforestation of pastures, wrapping of sown remains, heating and drying of soil, mineralization of nutrients, diversified and flexible mechanization. The international experience of practical application of minimal tillage in organic farming is shown, which testifies to its efficiency after the fourth year of use: the yield increases by 11%, the humus layer in soils is increased by 10%, preservation of approximately 13 tons of carbon dioxide per hectare. This method of soil cultivation is oriented towards the long-term and long-term development strategy, requires flexibility in the measures for soil cultivation and means of mechanization: control of weeds, diseases and pests, use of crop rotation and siderates. The technical means for conducting the minimum tillage in conditions of organic farming are analyzed in detail: the principle of action, advantages and disadvantages.