Analysis of directions for improving the design of devices for loading silos

Abstract

The trapping of grain in the processing line after harvesting and its long-term preservation is due to the action of various mechanical structures on the grains (nuria, bucket elevators, conveyors, augers, etc.), including devices for direct seed loading into silos. Mechanical damage significantly affects the stability of the grain to prolonged storage, because of more intense breathing, the seeds produce more moisture and heat, more often its damage to diseases and pests, which leads to the destruction of the whole lot. The grain mass, which enters the long storage in silos, consists of separately collected solid grains, the volume of which consists of a volume of grains and voids between them, which are filled with air. It is believed that the grain flow, by its mechanical properties, occupies an intermediate state between a solid and a liquid medium. The property of moving the grains relative to each other makes the grain flow similar to the liquid. But every grains of grain flow, taken separately, has the property of a solid body. Together, they create a loose body that can absorb external stress, which makes the loose body look like solid. In the study of grain material after loading it into silos, a constant loss of part of the cargo can be observed. In order to improve the quality of the product to be preserved (wheat, rye, oats, soy, etc.), it is proposed to improve the process of loading through the intake through auxiliary means. The use of such structures will reduce seals' seed compaction while loading, and the capacity throughout the volume will be homogeneously filled in according to the size of the grains (decrease of segregation). Most modern silos use the principle of selfpropelled loading into a silo hole, in which grain material is more densely damaged, injured, creates a segregation, both in free fall and on the surface of the forming mantle, as well as the molding itself reduces the bulk capacity of the silage, and ultimately reduces the economic efficiency of the technological process. This article is devoted to the review of devices for loading bulk material for storage and improvement of the design of the device for the careful loading of grain into silage, which will reduce its trauma. Using new machines in technology will increase the percentage of biological integrity of the grain, which ultimately will significantly increase the profit of the economy.