Environmentally safe use of mineral fertilizers
Abstract
The article is devoted to topical issues of the state of environmental safety when using mineral fertiliz-ers, and also investigates modern ways to reduce their impact on the environment. Mineral fertilizers are one of the most effective means of increasing soil fertility, productivity and improving the quality of crop production, therefore, we can state the fact that they control plant nutrition processes, change the quality of the crop and affect fertility, physicochemical and biological properties. soil. The results of scientific re-search of domestic scientists indicate that due to the use of mineral fertilizers, the yield of major agricultur-al crops increases by an average of 45–55%. At the same time, mineral fertilizers have a significant impact on the natural environment, especially due to the pollution of ecosystem components by chemical agents. Fertilizer residues not assimilated by plants in time enter water bodies, and nitrogen residues also enter the atmosphere in the form of nitrogen oxides.
In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to this problem in our country and abroad. Scien-tists from many countries are developing complexes of measures aimed at preventing environmental pollu-tion with mineral fertilizers. One of the ways to reduce the negative impact of mineral fertilizers on agroe-cosystems is to cover with a water-soluble capsule. A prerequisite for creating a capsule is safety for the agroecosystem, the necessary physical and mechanical properties, the effectiveness of prolonged release of nutrients.
Also, the negative impact of the use of mineral fertilizers can be significantly reduced by using new forms - prolonged-release fertilizers. They are able to extend the duration of the action of chemical agents during the growing season, reduce the amount and frequency of application, and also prevent the migration of nutrients outside the small biotic cycle of the fertilized agroecosystem and entering other components of the landscape. These forms of fertilizers also prevent nutrients from being washed out and washed away by rainwater, melt and groundwater.
