The organization of first aid in disasters: the world experience

Abstract

The article considers the world experience for first aid in disasters. Scientific and technological progress has not reduced the likelihood of emergencies, but has also increased their number due to manmade disasters, the threat of terrorism, climate change, those add to natural disasters and pandemics. Helping people to save and survive in such situations is a crucial task for the authorities and rescue services. The analysis shows that different countries use various ways to first aid, the division of responsibilities and the system of interaction between the response structures in disasters. Knowledge of these features can improve the system of first aid in Ukraine. An important result of this analysis is the awareness of the key role of establishing the interaction of various branches of the authority with rapid feedback. The experience of disaster management in the United States and Japan shows, in particular, small teams (not more than 5-7 people) to solve one task should be involved. The Incident Command Systemmade up of an Incident Commander, a Deputy Commander (if a person puts in more than a 12-hour shift), a Media Liaison, and a Safety Officer. Under the Command Staff are the organizational areas of the Incident Command System. They consist of planning, logistics, operations, finance, and administration.For all type of disasters, the main points are the three T's, which are triage, treatment and transport. The problems faced by people living in Third World countries are in coping with disasters goes beyond the inadequacy of building regulations.The Cuban government is unique in that it has paid an equal amount of attention to the structural and physical aspects of disaster preparedness, but has also created a “culture of safety” through successful education and awareness campaigns. People in schools, universities and workplaces are continuously informed and trained to cope with natural hazards. They also have, every year, a two-day training session in risk reduction for hurricanes, complete with simulation exercises and concrete preparation actions. This experience should be taken into account while developing specific first aid protocols in Ukraine. The lack of a clear procedure and a clear division of responsibilities according to the needs of emergencies are the main factors that reduce the effectiveness of the first aid system in Ukraine.