Effects of gamma-irradiation on wheat genetic variation

Abstract

This article describes results for study of wheat genetic changeability depending on different doses of gamma-rays on seed. The indexes of general frequencies of the induced changes of wheat in first generation and stake from them physiology-biochemical plant-useful changes were investigated. Spectrum of induced changes was submitted by change the ear fertility, plant height and ear structure in these experiments. The emergence of mutational changes was confirmed during determination of chromosomal abnormalities in root meristems. The greatest percentage of these processes was fixed in version 100-150 Gr irradiation. Advantageously, the number of morphological changes was observed in the ear of the first order. Also, there was the emergence of low height, or dwarf plants resistant to lodging. Negative factor is the formation of dwarf mutants with fine grain, and hence low-weight corn ear. The weight of 1000 grains has reduced also. It is marked that an optimal dose at that got the most of plant-breeding-valuable mutations is dose 150 Gr. Stimulation exposed to such mutagen doses of protective and regenerative systems of plants leads to increasing of their resistance to stressful environmental conditions, which significantly increases positive selection efficiency. This method allows obtaining the variety of genetically-modified forms, which can be used as a starting material for breeding new cultivars. Analysis of the results has showed that due total frequency of the induced changes and the share of favorable modifications among them, the most changeable cultivar is the variety of durum wheat, Kharkivska 27.