Safe operation and reliability of structures bridge road Ukraine as essential elements of transport logistics

Abstract

Matters of reliability and safe operation of the bridges have been studied. Bridge structures are complex engineering systems of 4-5 category danger. At that, the state of these structures can significantly affect the transport and logistic schemes of any traffic in the area of agro-industrial complex. Closing movement due to the poor state of structures or due to the destruction, organizing new ways of the transportation of goods and passengers is costly. It is proposed to pay professional attention to all stages of the life cycle of structures to prolong their life. The main reasons for the transition of road bridges into poor condition have been considered. The data on the effect of the state of individual elements on the reduction of lifetime of the structures has been given. One of the main factors significantly reducing the reliability and lifetime of bridges is untimely replacement of waterproofing and the use of substandard materials for it. “Weak links” for the structure is the lack of modern integrated drainage, inadequate joints and areas of interfaces with bridge approaches. It has been discovered that the most common causes of the poor state of the bridges are defects and mistakes made at the construction phase, in particular, disregard for the rules and regulations of the work. It is shown that the operation phase should be followed by timely examinations and routine repair, which requires state support and specially trained professionals. A separate category of the destroyed structures are bridges and ATO overpasses, which are very problematic to be recovered. Moving over the bridges with heavy machinery and excessive loads can lead to accidents and destruction of spans and supports of the existing bridges. It has been noted that the result of the operation of the bridge as a system has not only technical, but also economic, social, environmental and other aspects. It has been proposed to evaluate the technical state of structures, their reliability and durability with the use of computer technology capabilities. It has been noted that the new technology of repair and design of structures, as well as timely diagnosis, makes it possible to improve the condition of structures during their operation, as well as reduce the risk of premature failures in the future.